Extended C-Band is TX: 5.850 - 6.425 GHz, RX: 3.625 - 4.200 GHz.
Super Extended C-Band is TX: 5.850 - 6.725 GHz, RX: 3.400 - 4.200 GHz.
It's "extended" into a new frequency range.
A rain rate exceedence curve, as I understand it, is a curve made by plotting points of rain rate which caused rainfade interference to exceed acceptable levels. 105 millimeters per hour of rain is a good rule of thumb.
I don't have a copy of 837, but if you have access, you also might look at these two:
- P.838-2: Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods
P.839-3: Rain height model for prediction methods