First, some background for other readers of this thread. Long Frame Syncronization and Short Frame Syncronization are two options for the clocking format used in
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM).
In Long Frame Syncronization, the rising edge of the SYNC signal indicates the start of the PCM word; In Short Frame Syncronization the
falling edge of the SYNC signal indicates the start of the PCM word.
In Short Frame Syncronization, the SYNC signal is always one clock cycle long. In Long Frame Syncronization, the SYNC signal must be
at least two clock cycles.
Why use Short Frame Syncronization? It's faster and more efficient.
Why use Long Frame Syncronization? I do not know for certain, but I believe that it may be more
reliable.
But in reality, the clocking mechanism you choose is most often dictated by the devices you are attempting to communicate with.